What is Erectile Dysfunction?

Overview of erectile dysfunction: causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Men's Health

Erectile Dysfunction

2025-09-11

Intro

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. It can affect quality of life and may signal underlying health issues.

Key Points

Common in men over 40 but can occur at any age.
Physical, psychological, and lifestyle factors may contribute.
Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, and blood tests.
Treatment ranges from lifestyle changes to medications, devices, and surgery.

Background

ED is not just a sexual health problem; it often reflects broader vascular or metabolic disease. Addressing ED can improve overall health outcomes.

Causes or Mechanisms

Physical causes: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, low testosterone, medication side effects.
Psychological causes: stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues.
Lifestyle factors: smoking, alcohol, lack of exercise.

Diagnosis / Treatment / Options

Diagnosis: history, questionnaires, hormone and glucose testing, penile Doppler ultrasound if needed.
First-line treatment: lifestyle modification, oral PDE5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil).
Other options: vacuum erection devices, penile injections, testosterone therapy (if low T), implants for refractory cases.

Risks / Prognosis

ED may improve with treatment of underlying conditions.
Prognosis is good with appropriate management; untreated ED may worsen quality of life and relationships.

FAQ

Q: Is ED always a sign of aging?
A: No. While more common with age, ED can occur at any age and may indicate treatable health issues.

Q: Are medications safe?
A: PDE5 inhibitors are generally safe but should not be used with nitrates.

Q: Can lifestyle changes reverse ED?
A: Yes. Weight loss, exercise, and smoking cessation can improve erectile function.