Understanding Food Allergies and Anaphylaxis

Food allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to a food protein.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. Even a tiny amount of allergen can trigger it in sensitive individuals.

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Common allergens

• Peanuts, tree nuts
• Shellfish, fish
• Milk, eggs
• Wheat, soy
• Sesame

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Symptoms

• Itching, hives, swelling of lips or face
• Vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain
• Wheezing, coughing, difficulty breathing
• Dizziness, fainting, or collapse

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Anaphylaxis — act fast ⚠️

• Use epinephrine auto-injector immediately
• Call emergency services
• Lie the person flat unless breathing is difficult
• A second dose of epinephrine may be required if symptoms don’t improve after 5–10 minutes

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Prevention

• Read food labels carefully
• Avoid cross-contamination when preparing food
• Inform restaurants of your allergy
• Carry an action plan and wear medical alert jewellery

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References

• American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology — food allergy guide
• Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy — anaphylaxis resources

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Educational only; not a substitute for professional medical advice.