Infectious Diseases

Gastroenteritis — Preventing the Spread

2025-08-14 • Updated 2025-08-28

Understanding Gastroenteritis and Preventing Spread

Gastroenteritis (“stomach flu”) is inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites.

It spreads quickly in households, childcare centres, and aged care settings — but it’s usually short-lived.

Symptoms

• Diarrhoea (watery or frequent stools)
• Vomiting
• Stomach cramps
• Mild fever
• Fatigue and loss of appetite

Most people recover in a few days with rest and fluids.

Causes

• Viruses: Norovirus (common outbreaks), Rotavirus (mainly in children)
• Bacteria: Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli
• Other: Contaminated food/water, poor hand hygiene, parasites (e.g., Giardia)

Prevention

• Wash hands with soap and water (alcohol gel is less effective for Norovirus)
• Avoid preparing food for others while sick and for at least 48 hours after symptoms stop
• Disinfect contaminated surfaces (bleach-based cleaners work best)
• Cook meat and seafood thoroughly; avoid unpasteurised foods

Self-Care

• Fluids: Small, frequent sips of water or oral rehydration solution (ORS)
• Food: Start with bland foods (rice, toast, banana) once vomiting settles
• Children: Monitor hydration closely (wet nappies, tears when crying, alertness)

When to Seek Help

• Blood in stool or vomit
• Signs of dehydration (dizziness, very dark urine, no urination in 8+ hrs)
• High fever (>39°C / 102°F)
• Symptoms lasting >3–4 days, or in infants/elderly who deteriorate quickly

References

• CDC — Viral gastroenteritis overview
• WHO — Food safety and prevention guidelines

Educational only; not a substitute for professional medical advice.

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