Intro
Falls are a leading cause of injury in older adults. When bones are weakened by osteoporosis, even minor falls can result in serious fractures — especially of the hip, wrist, and spine.
Key Points
- Falls are the most common cause of fractures in older adults.
- Hip and spine fractures carry the highest risks of disability and death.
- Prevention strategies reduce both falls and fracture risk.
- Prompt treatment of fractures improves recovery and independence.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Bone weakness: osteoporosis or osteopenia.
- Balance and mobility issues: weakness, nerve disorders, poor footwear.
- Vision/hearing loss: harder to detect hazards.
- Medications: sedatives, BP drugs, anything causing dizziness.
- Environment: loose rugs, clutter, poor lighting.
Common Fracture Sites
- Hip (femoral neck)
- Spine (vertebrae)
- Wrist/forearm
- Shoulder, ankle, pelvis
Prevention
- Exercise: weight-bearing, strength training, balance exercises (tai chi, yoga).
- Home safety: remove hazards, add grab bars, improve lighting.
- Vision checks and updated glasses.
- Medication review: reduce sedatives.
- Support devices: canes, walkers, hip protectors.
Treatment
- Fracture care: casting, surgery, pain control, PT.
- Rehabilitation: restores strength and mobility.
- Bone health: address osteoporosis with medication and supplements.
FAQ
Q: What should I do if someone falls?
A: If they can’t move or suspect fracture → call emergency services.
Q: Are all fractures preventable?
A: No, but many can be avoided with strong bones + fall prevention.