Intro
Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and soft tissues. It is common, but if untreated can spread quickly and become life-threatening.
Key Points
- Classic signs: redness, swelling, warmth, pain, sometimes fever.
- Usually caused by streptococci or staphylococci.
- Rapid progression or systemic illness needs urgent care.
- Treatment: antibiotics; sometimes drainage of abscesses.
- Recurrence is common in chronic swelling or skin barrier disease.
Background
Skin provides a barrier against infection. When bacteria enter through breaks, cellulitis develops in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.
Causes or Mechanisms
Group A Streptococcus (Strep pyogenes) and Staphylococcus aureus are most common. MRSA is a concern in some settings.
Diagnosis / Treatment / Options
Diagnosis: clinical (red, hot, swollen area); labs/imaging in severe/atypical cases.
Treatment: oral or IV antibiotics depending on severity; pain control; elevate limb; drain abscesses if present.
Risks / Benefits / Prognosis
Most people recover with antibiotics. Severe or untreated cellulitis can lead to sepsis, necrotizing infection, or chronic recurrence.
FAQ
Q: Can I prevent cellulitis?
A: Yes — treat athlete’s foot, moisturize skin, avoid trauma, and manage swelling/lymphedema.